History and Digital Signal Processing Applications

History of the signal processing started in 1807. In 1807 Fourier to develop Fourier transform to solve problems with a difficult equation. Then in the early 18th century, Laplace modify the above Fourier transform to solve differential equations-equations broader. After that Gauss discovered a method that can quickly be used to compute the Fourier transform. Gauss then develop the basics of digital filters to process research on planets and comets. In the 1900s, Bunsen use spectral analysis to discover new elements. Likewise with Einstein who showed a significant relationship between the power spectrum and correlation functions. In the 1940s, radar and sonar technology has been developed. Advances in the field of signal processing used in communication systems. In the 1960s, Kalman filter develops practical to show the optimization of a filter / control. Digital filter following a more complex digital control systems implemented at NASA and elsewhere. In this period also the adaptive filter (a computing device that tries to model the relationship between the two signals in real time repeatedly) has started to be developed. In this era, speed Fourier transform developed again. Markov algorithms have been developed that are important. In the 1980s, the theory and understanding of the filters or digital control has been very popular digital mapanFilter known. Occurred a rapid progress in the field of image coding and speech signals, the introduction sinyalbicara, shape imaging radar, imaging in the medical field, and so on. In the late 1990s, digital TV started getting developed. happen "explosion" in the use of the techniques of digital signal processing to replace conventional electronic circuits (such as filter, codes, modulators, etc.).

 INTRODUCTION  

Digital digital signal is derived from the word digitus, in Greek means fingers. If we count the fingers of adults, it amounts to ten (10). Value consists of ten 2 radix, ie 1 and 0, therefore Digital is a depiction of a state number consisting of the digits 0 and 1 or off and on (binary). All computer systems use digital system as its database. Can also called Bit (Binary Digit). There are several reasons why the use of digital signal processing on an analog signal. First, a digital system programmed to have flexibility in designing the re-operations of digital signal processing simply by making changes to the program in question, while the process of designing and again on an analog system usually involves a redesign of hardware, test and verification in order to work as expected. Precision or accuracy problems also play an important role in determining the shape of the signal processing. Digital signal processing offers better control accuracy. The tolerance factor found on analog circuit components make it difficult for designers to relinquish control accuracy on the analog signal processing systems. On the other hand, the digital system offers better control accuracy. Some requirements are needed, such as determining the accuracy of the converter A / D (analog to digital) and digital signal processing, in the form of word length (word length), floating-point versus fixed-point arithmetic and other factors. Digital signals can be stored on magnetic media (such as tape or disk) without attenuation or distortion of the signal data is concerned. Thus the signal can be transferred to move as well as processed offline in the laboratory. Methods of digital signal processing also allows the implementation of signal processing algorithms are more sophisticated. Generally the signal in analog form is mathematically difficult to process with high accuracy. Implementation of digital signal processing systems are cheaper than analog. This is because the digital hardware is cheaper, or perhaps because of digital implementation has the flexibility to be modified. The advantages of digital signal processing has been mentioned before causing more digital signal processing used in various applications. For example, a voice processing application on the telephone channel, image processing and transmission, in the field of seismology and geophysics, oil exploration, nuclear explosion detection, processing signals received from space, and so forth. However, the digital implementation has limitations, in terms of speed A / D conversion and digital signal processing is concerned. (Proakis and Manolakis, 1992) .In the present, digital signal processing has been applied so widely. Of instrumentation and control equipment, musical instruments, medical equipment and other equipment. The term digital signal processing is actually less precise, more accurate signal processing diskrete. But because this term is widely used, the term digital signal processing is still used in this article. In this article will discuss the basics of digital signal processing, especially in terms of algorithms and programming in addition also little discussion about the hardware considerations of the systems are arranged.

DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING APPLICATIONS

In modern life , signal processing is very helpful in all areas , among others : 

The field of telecommunications : - Delivery of mobile phone signal to the BTS - System -based telecommunications PLN

The field of medicine : - Processing the signal from the sensor into an image / imageuntuk identify if there is a disease of the brain / lung

- Processing the signal from the sensor electrode ( EMG ) is converted into an image

The Military field : 

 - Delivery of the aircraft's radar signal - NASA control system

CONCLUSION 

Signal processing is a specialization in electrical engineering that studies and develops methods ( algorithms ) manipulation , analysis and interpretation of signals. Although included in the specialization in electrical engineering , beyond the science of science in electrical engineering , signal processing is also closely related with statistics , information theory and applied mathematics . The signals can be processed in any form , but usually a signal Electric . Examples of the signal , for example : the sound of the microphone , video from a video camera , an ECG from the ECG recorder , and so forth .

DAFTAR PUSTAKA
 [1] JpFix. "FPGA-Based Image Processing Accelerator". Retrieved 2008-05-10.
[2] Oppenheim, Alan V., Ronald W. Schafer (1989), Discrete Tme Signal Processing, New Jersey: Prentice Hall Inc.
[3] Kuc, Roman (1988), Introduction to Digital Signal Processing, Singapore: Mc Graw-Hill Book Co.
[4] Lynn, Paul A., Wolfgang Fuerst (1989), Introductory Digital Signal Processing with Computer Applications, England: John Willey and Sons Ltd.

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